ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Hematologists deal every day with high mortality rates of acute leukemia patients. Many times these patients need Intensive Care Unit (ICU) support and some general ICU teams believe that these patients have a much greater chance of dying than patients with other pathologies. In Brazil, data related to mortality rates and ICUs for acute leukemia patients are scarce. Methods Therefore, to assess mortality predictors in patients with acute leukemia admitted to a specialized hematological ICU, we evaluated demographics, supportive care, hospitalization time, disease status, admitting diagnosis, neutropenia, number of transfusions and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)/Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores as possible factors associated with mortality. Data were extracted from the first admission records of 110 patients with acute leukemia admitted to the Hemocentro de Pernambuco (Hemope) ICU between 2006 and 2009. Results In this retrospective cohort study, 72/110 of the patients were men, and 64/110 were from the metropolitan area of Recife. The patients' age median was 43.5 years (±17.9); 67.3% had acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 32.7% had acute lymphoid leukemia. The main admitting diagnosis in the ICU was sepsis (66.7%). The mean APACHE II score was 18.3. Of the total, 65 (59%) died, and the mortality rate was independently related to longer hospitalization (p < 0.001), the increase in the APACHE II score (p < 0.038) and having received hemodialysis (p < 0.006). Neutropenia, receiving multiple transfusions and using any kind of mechanical ventilation or vasoactive drug on admission were not relevant to mortality. Factors associated with higher mortality rates were: longer hospitalization, increase in the APACHE II score, and use of hemodialysis. Conclusion With these data, to prevent organ lesions before admission to the ICU, a better strategy might be to reduce mortality for leukemia patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Blood , Leukemia , Mortality , Sepsis , Critical Care , Hematologic DiseasesABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A sepse representa a principal causa de morte nas UTI em todo o mundo. Muitos estudos têm demonstrado um aumento da incidência ao longo do tempo e apenas uma leve redução na mortalidade. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo em 65 hospitais de todas as regiões do Brasil. Os pacientes que foram admitidos com sepse ou que desenvolveram sepse no mês de setembro de 2003 foram incluídos. O acompanhamento foi feito até o 28º dia de internação e/ou até a alta da UTI. O diagnóstico seguiu os critérios clássicos propostos na convenção de 1991. Foram avaliados dados demográficos, escore APACHE II, escore SOFA, mortalidade, fonte de infecção, microbiologia, comorbidades, tempo de internação, uso de ventilação mecânica, cateter de Swan-Ganz, vasopressores e hemotransfusão. RESULTADOS: Setenta e cinco unidades de terapia intensiva de todas as regiões do Brasil participaram do estudo. Foram identificados 3128 pacientes e 521 (16,7 por cento) foram diagnosticados como tendo o diagnóstico de sepse, sepse grave ou choque séptico. A idade média foi de 61,7 (IQR 39-79), 293 (55,7 por cento) corresponderam ao sexo masculino, e a mortalidade global em 28 dias foi de 46,6 por cento. O escore APACHE II médio foi de 20 e o escore SOFA no D1 foi de 7 (IQR 4-10). O escore SOFA no grupo dos não-sobreviventes foi maior no D1 (8, IQR 5-11), e aumentou no D3 (9, IQR 6-12). A mortalidade na sepse, sepse grave e choque séptico foi de 16,7 por cento, 34,4 por cento e 65,3 por cento, respectivamente. O tempo médio de internação foi de 15 dias (IQR 5-22). As duas principais fontes de infecção foram o trato respiratório (69 por cento) e o abdômen (23,1 por cento). Os bacilos gram-negativos foram mais prevalentes (40,1 por cento). Os cocos gram-positivos foram identificados em 32,8 por cento e as infecções fúngicas em 5 por cento. A ventilação mecânica ocorreu em 82,1 por cento dos casos, uso de cateter de Swan-Ganz em 18,8 por cento, vasopressores...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sepsis represents the major cause of death in the ICUs all over the world. Many studies have shown an increasing incidence over time and only a slight reduce in mortality. Many new treatment strategies are arising and we should define the incidence and features of sepsis in Brazil. METHODS: Prospective cohort study in sixty-five hospitals all over Brazil. The patients who were admitted or who developed sepsis during the month of September, 2003 were enrolled. They were followed until the 28th day and/or until their discharge. The diagnoses were made in accordance to the criteria proposed by ACCP/SCCM. It were evaluated demographic features, APACHE II score, SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score, mortality, sources of infections, microbiology, morbidities and length of stay (LOS). RESULTS: Seventy-five ICUs from all regions of Brazil took part in the study.3128 patients were identified and 521 (16.7 percent) filled the criteria of sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock. Mean age was 61.7 (IQR 39-79), 293 (55.7 percent) were males, and the overall 28-day mortality rate was 46.6 percent. Average APACHE II score was 20 and SOFA score on the first day was 7 (IQR 4-10). SOFA score in the mortality group was higher on day 1 (8, IQR 5-11), and had increased on day 3 (9, IQR 6-12). The mortality rate for sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock was 16.7 percent, 34.4 percent and 65.3 percent, respectively. The average LOS was 15 days (IQR 5-22). The two main sources of infection were the respiratory tract (69 percent) and the abdomen one (23.1 percent). Gram-negative bacilli were more prevalent (40.1 percent). Gram-positive cocci were identified in 32.8 percent and fungi infections in 5 percent. Mechanical ventilation was observed in 82.1 percent of the patients, Swan-Ganz catheter in 18.8 percent, vasopressors in 66.2 percent and hemotransfusion in 44.7 percent. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed a high mortality...